If your band is well rehearsed you might record the basic tracks for up to 12-14 songs in a weekend (a couple of long sessions). You’d need about another session each for fixes/overdubs and then mixing. Usually people have edit or mix change requests, and that goes pretty fast and can be done remotely. Mastering can be done in less than a full day. Most of the process is flexible, and we can proceed in a way that is convenient for you.

Pre-tracking. This is where you rehearse. A lot. Maybe with a metronome, and/or without the vocals, if that’s how you want to record the initial tracks. Also get your instruments in tip-top shape.
Tracking. Often rhythm tracks are recorded first, then vocals and solos are overdubbed. Most mistakes can be fixed.
Editing. You may like the basic rhythm from the first take, but want to use the guitar solo from the third take. And so on. This is where we put together all the best parts.
Mixing. Here we add effects (reverb, e.q., etc.) and
balance all the volumes.
Mastering. The last stage (before reproduction) is to make all the songs sound good together as one project,
including putting them in order, etc.
Reproduction. Once ‘the baby is born’, you need to send it, with the artwork, to the reproduction plant, or to iTunes, etc.

Of course, the cost all depends on how many songs you do, and how perfect you want them to be. I’ve actually done an entire CD in a weekend, and that was pretty cheap (and rough), and I’ve done full budget projects that take many months and are perfectly radio-ready. So the range could be from less than a grand for a 15 song recording and (way) up. My rate is $50/hr. And remember, 500 CDs sold at $15 each is $7,500 to you!